{"id":4373,"date":"2025-07-28T22:27:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T20:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/?p=4373"},"modified":"2025-07-28T22:27:38","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T20:27:38","slug":"encuadrando-la-valoracion-del-terreno-rural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/encuadrando-la-valoracion-del-terreno-rural\/","title":{"rendered":"Encuadrando la valoraci\u00f3n del terreno rural"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201c<em>Making appraisals requires training, knowledge, and experience<\/em>\u201d: D.L. Smith, in: Erickson, D.E. &amp; Scott, J. Farm Real Estate (1990)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La valoraci\u00f3n de los predios rurales ha estado marcada con un conjunto de devenires hist\u00f3ricos y por la evoluci\u00f3n de las preferencias de los propietarios, y otros actores implicados, con relaci\u00f3n a dicho medio rural. En el caso de Espa\u00f1a resulta indudable que, por ejemplo, la valoraci\u00f3n de terrenos forestales ha estado durante muchos a\u00f1os incluida en lo que se conoce como valoraci\u00f3n agraria (aqu\u00ed el t\u00e9rmino agrario engloba lo agr\u00edcola, ganadero y forestal). Ello no es \u00f3bice para afirmar que la valoraci\u00f3n agraria ha tenido en Espa\u00f1a, desde sus or\u00edgenes, una orientaci\u00f3n claramente agr\u00edcola o ganadera. De hecho, las asignaturas de algunos Planes de Estudios de titulaciones forestales llevan la coletilla \u201cvaloraci\u00f3n agraria\u201d. Y eso es as\u00ed porque, adem\u00e1s, un forestal tiene competencias para realizar valoraciones en predios rurales no forestales, aspecto sensato por muchas razones, aunque s\u00f3lo voy a destacar una: existen muchos sistemas rurales en Espa\u00f1a donde se mezcla lo agr\u00edcola y lo forestal. Aunque desde la Administraci\u00f3n se pretenda ver a los propietarios forestales como unos ciudadanos de cuarta en comparaci\u00f3n con los propietarios agr\u00edcolas y ganaderos, la realidad es muy tozuda y la ausencia de estad\u00edsticas no enmascara el hecho que miles y miles de propiedades rurales donde coexisten ambos \u00e1mbitos. Adem\u00e1s, en muchas ocasiones tiene mucho m\u00e1s sentido ce\u00f1ir la valoraci\u00f3n no a una parte (por ejemplo, una finca o parcela aislada) de la propiedad, sino a su conjunto. Ser\u00eda la idea habitual en el \u00e1mbito anglosaj\u00f3n de \u201c<em>farm valuation<\/em>\u201d. Obviamente, este razonamiento lleva aparejado la existencia de unos derechos de propiedad. Aqu\u00ed la casu\u00edstica puede ser variada, pero el propietario puede ejercer esos derechos que legalmente le corresponden (derecho a utilizar la tierra, a hipotecarla, a arrendarla, derecho de reversi\u00f3n, derecho a vender la propiedad, etc.), aunque algunos acomplejados no los respeten. Y, si hablo de derechos, estoy admitiendo todas las obligaciones legales que deben seguir los propietarios. Como es l\u00f3gico pensar, los derechos llevan aparejadas unas obligaciones.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"796\" src=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Firefly_dehesa-system-in-Spain-with-old-holm-oaks-935060-1024x796.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Firefly_dehesa-system-in-Spain-with-old-holm-oaks-935060-1024x796.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Firefly_dehesa-system-in-Spain-with-old-holm-oaks-935060-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Firefly_dehesa-system-in-Spain-with-old-holm-oaks-935060-768x597.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Firefly_dehesa-system-in-Spain-with-old-holm-oaks-935060-1536x1195.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Firefly_dehesa-system-in-Spain-with-old-holm-oaks-935060-2048x1593.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si he mencionado anteriormente los planes de estudio, tambi\u00e9n conviene recordar que es habitual en esas programaciones docentes esta disciplina est\u00e9 ligada a la ordenaci\u00f3n de montes. Aunque ser\u00eda partidario de una asignatura \u00edntegra dedicada a la valoraci\u00f3n en terrenos rurales, tiene sentido unir la gesti\u00f3n con la valoraci\u00f3n porque a la hora de tomar decisiones a medio y largo plazo una evaluaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica es hoy m\u00e1s necesaria que nunca. Por otro lado, como hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo la ordenaci\u00f3n de montes ha estado casi exclusivamente centrada en unos pocos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de provisi\u00f3n, cuando se habla de \u201cvaloraci\u00f3n forestal\u201d se usa como sin\u00f3nimo de valoraciones principalmente asociadas a productos mediatos, sin atender a otros bienes y servicios que est\u00e1n \u00edntimamente asociados a la naturaleza forestal y que son distintos a los que se pueden producir en otros predios de naturaleza rural.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si hasta ahora me he referido en exclusiva al t\u00e9rmino valoraci\u00f3n es porque considero que es el adecuado. Como ya he comentado en otra ocasi\u00f3n, no se recomienda alg\u00fan neologismo que ha calado en algunos \u00e1mbitos (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/48_valorar-y-valorizar\/\">valorizaci\u00f3n<\/a>\u201d) ni tampoco veo, en general, acertado hablar de peritaci\u00f3n o de tasaci\u00f3n. La \u00faltima expresi\u00f3n tiene mucho sentido en un caso concreto (valoraci\u00f3n hipotecaria), pero no presenta mucho sentido hablar de, por ejemplo, tasar la actividad cineg\u00e9tica en un terreno forestal. En el \u00e1mbito anglosaj\u00f3n han resuelto el problema hablando de \u201c<em>appraisal<\/em>\u201d cuando se espera que una compraventa est\u00e1 cercana, mientras que \u201c<em>valuation<\/em>\u201d se utiliza para el resto de los casos. Creo que ese s\u00edmil encajar\u00eda perfectamente en el caso espa\u00f1ol. Adem\u00e1s, aunque lo he percibido como residual en los textos y literatura que he considerado, existe una acepci\u00f3n inglesa que pudiera tener sentido (\u201c<em>engineering valuation<\/em>\u201d). Sin embargo, se ha orientado m\u00e1s a otros tipos de activos que los vinculados a la tierra forestal. Pudiera tener sentido en temas de maquinaria, utillaje, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por otro lado, conviene reivindicar los principios de la valoraci\u00f3n m\u00e1s ligados a lo que se conoce como econom\u00eda agraria. Uno de ellos, y muchas veces olvidado, es la idea de que los terrenos rurales, tal y como hoy los conocemos, son el resultado de la aplicaci\u00f3n durante muchos siglos de diferentes factores de producci\u00f3n (mano de obra, capital y gesti\u00f3n) que han llevado a la situaci\u00f3n actual. Es la idea de \u201ctierra econ\u00f3mica\u201d que aparece en los libros cl\u00e1sicos de econom\u00eda agraria. Adem\u00e1s, si se observa con perspectiva ha habido transiciones, a veces acertadas y otras menos, que han modificado el estado inicial (conversi\u00f3n de una tierra \u00e1rida en regad\u00edo, transformaci\u00f3n de una tierra abandonada en una plantaci\u00f3n forestal, inversi\u00f3n de una tierra agr\u00edcola en un huerto solar, etc.), y esto nos lleva a que el experto que realice la valoraci\u00f3n debe calcular y justificar, con las restricciones pertinentes, el valor asociado al mejor uso posible en dicho predio. Es decir, se requiere no s\u00f3lo el manejo de herramientas econ\u00f3micas sino predecir, con argumentos t\u00e9cnicos, cu\u00e1l ser\u00edan las alternativas factibles. Algunos autores denominan a esto un arte, pero lo veo un poco pretencioso. Eso s\u00ed, en unos tiempos de negacionismo econ\u00f3mico, de neocolonialismo rural y de exaltaci\u00f3n del decrecimiento por algunos terraplanistas, resulta capital reivindicar la figura del t\u00e9cnico que va a realizar estas valoraciones. Repito, t\u00e9cnico, y no espectadores \u00e1grafos que se rasgan las vestiduras cuando aparece en el an\u00e1lisis un concepto econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existe, adem\u00e1s, una nueva perspectiva que se debe incluir en toda valoraci\u00f3n y que tiene que ver con el capital natural como, reduciendo en demas\u00eda su significado, nuevo factor de producci\u00f3n. Esta consideraci\u00f3n se ha introducido, de forma desafortunada, en la legislaci\u00f3n\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/70_el-valor-de-la-valoracion-y-la-valoracion-del-valor\/\">vigente<\/a>, pero ello no implica que, desde m\u00faltiples perspectivas, exista esta necesidad. De alguna manera hay que conjugar los beneficios del propietario y de la sociedad, pero siempre modulado por la tipolog\u00eda del predio a analizar. Se est\u00e1 muy lejos de una metodolog\u00eda un\u00e1nimemente admitida para ello, y cualquier ejercicio de valoraci\u00f3n ambiental presenta un conjunto de hip\u00f3tesis iniciales que a veces complican admitir el resultado obtenido. Pero no queda otra que perseverar en esta l\u00ednea.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cMaking appraisals requires training, knowledge, and experience\u201d: D.L. Smith, in: Erickson, D.E. &amp; Scott, J. Farm Real Estate (1990) La valoraci\u00f3n de los predios rurales ha estado marcada con un conjunto de devenires hist\u00f3ricos y por la evoluci\u00f3n de las preferencias de los propietarios, y otros actores implicados, con relaci\u00f3n a dicho medio rural. En [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,17,324,56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia-forestal-pt-pt","category-sem-categoria","category-servicios-ecosistemicos-pt-pt","category-valoracion-pt-pt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Encuadrando la valoraci\u00f3n del terreno rural - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/encuadrando-la-valoracion-del-terreno-rural\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Encuadrando la valoraci\u00f3n del terreno rural - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cMaking appraisals requires training, knowledge, and experience\u201d: D.L. Smith, in: Erickson, D.E. &amp; Scott, J. Farm Real Estate (1990) La valoraci\u00f3n de los predios rurales ha estado marcada con un conjunto de devenires hist\u00f3ricos y por la evoluci\u00f3n de las preferencias de los propietarios, y otros actores implicados, con relaci\u00f3n a dicho medio rural. 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Smith, in: Erickson, D.E. &amp; Scott, J. Farm Real Estate (1990) La valoraci\u00f3n de los predios rurales ha estado marcada con un conjunto de devenires hist\u00f3ricos y por la evoluci\u00f3n de las preferencias de los propietarios, y otros actores implicados, con relaci\u00f3n a dicho medio rural. 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