{"id":4317,"date":"2025-06-24T21:25:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T19:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/?p=4317"},"modified":"2025-06-24T21:26:24","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T19:26:24","slug":"gestion-pasiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/gestion-pasiva\/","title":{"rendered":"Gesti\u00f3n pasiva"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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“los bosques existentes est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s expuestos a una avalancha de nuevos factores de estr\u00e9s \u2014especies invasoras, lombrices ex\u00f3ticas y contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos\u2014, la gesti\u00f3n pasiva podr\u00eda dar lugar a ecosistemas empobrecidos sometidos a un estr\u00e9s cr\u00f3nico<\/em>“: A.M. Barton & W.S. Keeton. Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests (2018)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Voy a referirme en esta entrada a un concepto polis\u00e9mico, relacionado con la gesti\u00f3n forestal y que se conoce como \u201cgesti\u00f3n pasiva\u201d (\u201cpassive management<\/em>\u201d), y no me refiero a estrategias de inversi\u00f3n en activos financieros. Es posible, como todos los docentes, que tengamos un cierto sesgo a la hora de leer trabajos recientes, o a fijarnos en algunos aspectos de esas publicaciones, pero el hecho es que tengo la sensaci\u00f3n de que en los \u00faltimos meses se han incrementado el n\u00famero de trabajos aludiendo a esa gesti\u00f3n pasiva, y desde diferentes puntos de vista. Dicho lo cual, lo primero que me interesa resaltar, es que constituye un adjetivo al sustantivo gesti\u00f3n: es, en todo caso, una forma de gesti\u00f3n forestal, no una forma de \u201cno gesti\u00f3n<\/a>\u201d. Insisto en ce\u00f1irme al \u00e1mbito forestal porque es com\u00fan emplear esta palabra en proyectos de restauraci\u00f3n, donde una gesti\u00f3n pasiva se suele calificar como la (casi siempre) m\u00e1s efectiva y la m\u00e1s econ\u00f3mica, y aqu\u00ed puede abarcar otros sistemas que no sean los forestales (las \u00e1reas marinas constituyen un ejemplo muy apropiado). Dicha gesti\u00f3n se asemeja a la regeneraci\u00f3n natural y ese es un principio seminal de la ordenaci\u00f3n de montes, por lo que para m\u00ed no resulta descabellado, por esta y por otras razones, caracterizar una restauraci\u00f3n forestal como un caso particular de un proyecto de ordenaci\u00f3n forestal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Sin embargo, se est\u00e1 empezando a vincular una gesti\u00f3n pasiva a otros conceptos que se intentan imponer como la renaturalizaci\u00f3n (\u201crewilding<\/em><\/a>\u201d) con v\u00edas, por ejemplo, de conseguir una ut\u00f3pica sucesi\u00f3n natural en un terreno abandonado y donde se intenta borrar al ser humano y, por supuesto, otros servicios ecosist\u00e9micos: s\u00f3lo interesa la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad. Como es l\u00f3gico pensar, este tipo de gesti\u00f3n monobjetivo contradice principios b\u00e1sicos de la planificaci\u00f3n forestal (el uso m\u00faltiple). Pero, adem\u00e1s algunos se intentan apropiar de la idea que antes he aludido (la regeneraci\u00f3n natural) cuando, desde hace siglos, el principal empe\u00f1o de los forestales ha sido sublimarla, atendiendo, como es natural, a los leg\u00edtimos objetivos de la propiedad. Y, por supuesto, en general, la regeneraci\u00f3n natural era un medio para lograr esa gesti\u00f3n requerida. No se ve\u00eda como un fin para justificar un tipo de \u201cno gesti\u00f3n\u201d. La \u00fanica excepci\u00f3n a esta idea ser\u00edan ciertas zonas de reserva bien acotadas y justificadas y, aun as\u00ed, no se exclu\u00eda o se excluye en muchos casos la acci\u00f3n del hombre en su gesti\u00f3n. Por \u00faltimo, todo ello deber\u00eda estar bajo el paraguas de una gesti\u00f3n activa a nivel paisaje y que contemple, ya no s\u00f3lo otros servicios ecosist\u00e9micos, sino aspectos que no veo en ciertas propuestas de manejo pasivo: la gesti\u00f3n de incendios o problemas futuros derivados del cambio clim\u00e1tico. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por otro lado, parece sensato que, en ocasiones, se intente adjetivar un tipo de gesti\u00f3n contrapuesta a lo que ser\u00eda una gesti\u00f3n activa (\u201cactive management<\/em>\u201d). Esta gesti\u00f3n pasiva se diferenciar\u00eda en que, por ejemplo, la selvicultura se orienta a conseguir esa regeneraci\u00f3n natural y poco m\u00e1s, frente a otras opciones, m\u00e1s din\u00e1micas, que incluyen desde una regeneraci\u00f3n artificial con mejora gen\u00e9tica, fertilizaci\u00f3n, quemas prescritas, etc. Es decir, el adjetivo pasiva se corresponde a una gradaci\u00f3n de la intensidad del manejo, sin m\u00e1s derivaciones o, como mucho, a la idea de no explorar nuevas alternativas de gesti\u00f3n plausibles en el caso de estudio. Adem\u00e1s, mientras los libros de gesti\u00f3n forestal cl\u00e1sicos apenas contemplan esta acepci\u00f3n, s\u00ed que aparece en otros libros forestales m\u00e1s orientados a la pol\u00edtica forestal. As\u00ed, si un propietario forestal no realiza gesti\u00f3n, o esta es muy escasa (lo que ocurre en miles y miles de hect\u00e1reas de nuestro pa\u00eds), se le aplica este calificativo, sin m\u00e1s implicaciones. Adem\u00e1s, una componente cardinal en toda gesti\u00f3n forestal (la temporal) suele estar ausente en las propuestas que he le\u00eddo. \u00bfEs siempre irreversible la gesti\u00f3n pasiva? \u00bfno se pueden combinar en el tiempo una gesti\u00f3n pasiva frente a otra m\u00e1s activa? Por otro lado, de la misma forma que se calla sobre esta dimensi\u00f3n se obvian potenciales tratamientos selv\u00edcolas atinados para este tipo de gesti\u00f3n (se asimilan a una no gesti\u00f3n), cuando para conseguir una regeneraci\u00f3n natural de calidad s\u00ed que pueden ser necesarios.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En definitiva, con todo lo dicho anteriormente, no deber\u00eda confundirse una gesti\u00f3n pasiva con una no gesti\u00f3n. En esta l\u00ednea, ser\u00eda un error asimilarla a la regeneraci\u00f3n natural exclusivamente en procesos de rewilding. Y, por supuesto, tampoco se deber\u00eda de reducir el empleo de este t\u00e9rmino a estrategias que pretenden expulsar a los habitantes del rural de sus territorios mediante proclamas terraplanistas<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“los bosques existentes est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s expuestos a una avalancha de nuevos factores de estr\u00e9s \u2014especies invasoras, lombrices ex\u00f3ticas y contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos\u2014, la gesti\u00f3n pasiva podr\u00eda dar lugar a ecosistemas empobrecidos sometidos a un estr\u00e9s cr\u00f3nico“: A.M. Barton & W.S. Keeton. Ecology and Recovery of Eastern Old-Growth Forests (2018) Voy a referirme en esta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[73,76,84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-forestal-pt-pt","category-multifuncionalidad-pt-pt","category-selvicultura-pt-pt"],"yoast_head":"\nGesti\u00f3n pasiva - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/gestion-pasiva\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gesti\u00f3n pasiva - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"“los bosques existentes est\u00e1n cada vez m\u00e1s expuestos a una avalancha de nuevos factores de estr\u00e9s \u2014especies invasoras, lombrices ex\u00f3ticas y contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos\u2014, la gesti\u00f3n pasiva podr\u00eda dar lugar a ecosistemas empobrecidos sometidos a un estr\u00e9s cr\u00f3nico“: A.M. 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