{"id":4208,"date":"2025-04-27T22:07:42","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T20:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/?p=4208"},"modified":"2025-04-28T05:31:32","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T03:31:32","slug":"linea-base","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/linea-base\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ednea base"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201c<em>Increases in wealth, especially unexpected ones, make us happy, but then we are quick to return to our baseline happiness<\/em> \u201d.&nbsp;Eric D. Beinhocker: The Origin of Wealth (2006).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quisiera en esta entrada compartir unas reflexiones sobre un aspecto que est\u00e1 muy vigente en diferentes estructuras, proyectos y certificaciones actuales, pero que, quiz\u00e1, haya pasado algo inadvertido en el \u00e1mbito de la gesti\u00f3n forestal, probablemente debido a que indirectamente siempre se ha tenido en cuenta. Me estoy refiriendo a la especificaci\u00f3n recurrente de la l\u00ednea base (\u201c<strong>baseline<\/strong>\u201d en ingl\u00e9s) para poder corroborar la factibilidad de, por ejemplo, diversos proyectos. Esta palabra puede verse de forma aislada o en contextos ya particulares (por ejemplo, l\u00ednea base ambiental). Como es bien conocido, para poder apostar por el \u00e9xito de un proyecto de absorci\u00f3n en un mercado voluntario de carbono se debe presentar una documentaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica que fije esa l\u00ednea base sobre la cual se comparar\u00e1n los resultados futuros. No pretendo abordar todas las casu\u00edsticas existentes, pero se repite la misma exigencia en otro tipo de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza con relaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico. As\u00ed, tambi\u00e9n es necesario incluirla en mercados relacionados con cr\u00e9ditos a la biodiversidad, o en esquemas de pago por servicios ambientales. Por otro lado, tambi\u00e9n posee gran importancia en la evaluaci\u00f3n de proyectos REDD+, ya que el correcto establecimiento de la l\u00ednea base de deforestaci\u00f3n implica medir los cr\u00e9ditos esperados por las medidas asociadas. Tambi\u00e9n en la contabilizaci\u00f3n del capital natural es necesario fijar esa l\u00ednea base con el fin de establecer un contexto sobre el cual se evaluar\u00e1n los cambios que se produzcan en el futuro. El \u00faltimo ejemplo que se me ocurre tiene que ver con la evaluaci\u00f3n de la circularidad a diferentes niveles. Las recientes&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/es\/sectores\/medioambiente\/economia-circular\">normas ISO<\/a>&nbsp;que aportan luz sobre el tema recomiendan fijar una l\u00ednea base a partir de la cual se realizan las mediciones de los indicadores de econom\u00eda circular propuestos por dicha normativa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"796\" src=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-1024x796.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-1024x796.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-768x597.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-1536x1195.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-2048x1593.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si anteriormente he mencionado que este concepto puede haber pasado inadvertido en la pr\u00e1ctica habitual de los forestales, es debido a que se tiene en cuenta que el punto de inicio de cualquier proyecto es un dato b\u00e1sico para cualquier c\u00e1lculo (por ejemplo, econ\u00f3mico) y no digamos para cualquier proyecto que se va a ejecutar en el futuro (por ejemplo, una repoblaci\u00f3n forestal). Adem\u00e1s, resulta preceptivo realizar una fase detallada de an\u00e1lisis con relaci\u00f3n a esa situaci\u00f3n inicial. Por otro lado, en el \u00e1mbito de la gesti\u00f3n forestal, los t\u00e9cnicos saben perfectamente cu\u00e1ndo se inici\u00f3 el proyecto de ordenaci\u00f3n y cu\u00e1ndo se han realizado las sucesivas revisiones de \u00e9ste, con lo que la dimensi\u00f3n temporal est\u00e1 siempre en la toma de decisiones correspondiente, como he insistido en alguna otra&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/el-tiempo-a-tiempo-y-con-tiempo\/\">ocasi\u00f3n<\/a>. Sin embargo, otros stakeholders no manifiestan la misma percepci\u00f3n y es habitual leer o escuchar afirmaciones que esconden feroces cr\u00edticas (por ejemplo, a ciertas plantaciones) sin ni siquiera conocer cu\u00e1l ser\u00eda el estado previo a las mismas: es decir, sin conocer su l\u00ednea base. Y no digamos nada de los que, se inventan una l\u00ednea de referencia situada en el Holoceno medio o inferior con el fin de, por ejemplo, justificar la reintroducci\u00f3n de una determinada especie animal o, simplemente, invocar una peculiar forma de \u201crewilding\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por otro lado, si nos encontramos ante situaciones de partida m\u00e1s complicadas, como puede ser un proyecto de restauraci\u00f3n, se debe incluir su determinaci\u00f3n, como, a modo de ejemplo, indican los\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wwfes.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/wwf-ser-informe-proyectos-de-restauracio-n-de-ecosistemas-forestales-en-espan-a_1.pdf?59941\/Estandares-para-la-certificacion-de-proyectos-de-restauracion-de-ecosistemas-forestales\">est\u00e1ndares<\/a>\u00a0de certificaci\u00f3n de proyectos de restauraci\u00f3n existentes en Espa\u00f1a. Sin embargo, la determinaci\u00f3n de dicha l\u00ednea no siempre se tiene en cuenta. En efecto, existen posturas m\u00e1s centradas en la funcionalidad de los ecosistemas que argumentan que no tiene sentido hablar de una l\u00ednea base en un entorno cambiante y de cambio clim\u00e1tico que afecta a los sistemas forestales de forma, seg\u00fan ellos, irreversible. Traigo a colaci\u00f3n este punto de vista para significar la importancia de, simult\u00e1neamente que se acomete un proyecto, tener claros cu\u00e1les van a ser los objetivos y c\u00f3mo se espera que evolucione el caso de estudio considerado una vez finalice el per\u00edodo considerado. Dejando a un lado esta corriente, conviene insistir en que, sobre todo en estos casos, el establecimiento de la l\u00ednea base no es \u00fanicamente un hito temporal (como lo puede ser, a nivel pa\u00eds, el a\u00f1o 1990 para comparar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero) sino intentar determinar las condiciones ecol\u00f3gicas del sitio antes de proponer las acciones que se estimen pertinentes. Hay ocasiones que se puede obtener directamente dichas informaciones para fijar esa l\u00ednea de referencia multidimensional que abarcar\u00e1 las medidas de un conjunto m\u00e1s o menos amplio de indicadores, pero hay otras donde se tienen que estimar por comparaci\u00f3n con zonas an\u00e1logas. O, en \u00faltimo caso, se debe considerar la posibilidad de realizar un estudio adicional para establecer de forma m\u00e1s fidedigna dicha l\u00ednea de referencia. Finalmente, conviene recordar que es posible que se disponga tanto de informaciones para fijar el nivel de referencia como de otras herramientas que llevan esa denominaci\u00f3n. En el caso de proyectos de ordenaci\u00f3n de montes los ejemplos m\u00e1s claros ser\u00edan las tablas de producci\u00f3n o las selviculturas de referencia.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otro aspecto a considerar es si se toma un \u00fanico nivel de referencia, o \u00e9ste se modifica en el tiempo. En proyectos relacionados con soluciones basadas en la naturaleza, lo suyo es definir una l\u00ednea y un per\u00edodo de referencia. Cuando finalice dicho per\u00edodo, se recalcula la l\u00ednea base. Es decir, est\u00e1n vinculados el c\u00e1lculo de la l\u00ednea y la duraci\u00f3n del per\u00edodo de referencia. Por ejemplo, en proyectos REDD+ se suelen tomar per\u00edodos no muy largos (por ejemplo 5 a\u00f1os) y despu\u00e9s se recalcula la l\u00ednea de referencia (asumiendo un descenso en la deforestaci\u00f3n), probablemente debido a que los resultados emp\u00edricos que mostraban estos datos iniciales estaban excesivamente sobredimensionados. La idea de no tomar per\u00edodos muy largos tambi\u00e9n se recomienda en contextos de econom\u00eda circular como una forma de mitigar acciones de \u201cgreenwashing\u201d. Como es l\u00f3gico pensar, la decisi\u00f3n de fijar per\u00edodos m\u00e1s o menos largos presenta evidentes consecuencias, y se asemeja a la decisi\u00f3n hom\u00f3loga relativa a la duraci\u00f3n del plan especial en los proyectos de ordenaci\u00f3n de montes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como ep\u00edlogo a lo arriba expuesto, me gustar\u00eda insistir en la importancia tanto de fijar de forma objetiva dicha l\u00ednea base, como de la recolecci\u00f3n de informaciones suficientes, objetivas y replicables que puedan caracterizar la situaci\u00f3n en ese momento inicial, pero que sean pertinentes de acuerdo con los objetivos previstos en el proyecto considerado. Idealmente, estos datos deber\u00edan ser de car\u00e1cter ambiental o forestal, pero tambi\u00e9n incluyendo indicadores econ\u00f3micos y sociales. Si se nos exige trabajar en entornos claramente orientados en una suerte de \u201cbenchmarking\u201d ambiental, se deben justificar correctamente estas decisiones, y siempre bajo un car\u00e1cter multiobjetivo. En caso contrario, las medidas (de gesti\u00f3n, correctoras, etc.) que se propondr\u00e1n podr\u00edan no ser las \u00f3ptimas con relaci\u00f3n a otros servicios ecosist\u00e9micos diferentes a los inicialmente considerados.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cIncreases in wealth, especially unexpected ones, make us happy, but then we are quick to return to our baseline happiness \u201d.&nbsp;Eric D. Beinhocker: The Origin of Wealth (2006). Quisiera en esta entrada compartir unas reflexiones sobre un aspecto que est\u00e1 muy vigente en diferentes estructuras, proyectos y certificaciones actuales, pero que, quiz\u00e1, haya pasado algo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,70,73,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cambio-climatico-pt-pt","category-carbono-pt-pt","category-gestion-forestal-pt-pt","category-sem-categoria"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u00ednea base - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/linea-base\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u00ednea base - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cIncreases in wealth, especially unexpected ones, make us happy, but then we are quick to return to our baseline happiness \u201d.&nbsp;Eric D. Beinhocker: The Origin of Wealth (2006). Quisiera en esta entrada compartir unas reflexiones sobre un aspecto que est\u00e1 muy vigente en diferentes estructuras, proyectos y certificaciones actuales, pero que, quiz\u00e1, haya pasado algo [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/linea-base\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-27T20:07:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-28T03:31:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178-1024x796.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"796\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"LDB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2850da9c7637ba735ae086aa2e99b3c9\"},\"headline\":\"L\u00ednea base\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-27T20:07:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-28T03:31:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1284,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/Firefly-baseline-in-a-forestation-project-showing-a-young-dense-and-mixed-plantation-515178.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Cambio clim\u00e1tico\",\"Carbono\",\"Gesti\u00f3n forestal\",\"Sem categoria\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/linea-base\\\/\",\"name\":\"L\u00ednea base - 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Beinhocker: The Origin of Wealth (2006). 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