{"id":3393,"date":"2024-01-31T07:06:23","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T05:06:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/?p=3393"},"modified":"2024-02-13T13:26:45","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T11:26:45","slug":"lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo intangible y lo forestal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><em>Beethoven no es el piano, sino la m\u00fasica, arpa intangible que nos ha legado el misterio<\/em>. Francisco Umbral: Trilog\u00eda de Madrid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Me voy a referir a un concepto bastante polis\u00e9mico y que ha tenido, y est\u00e1 teniendo hoy en d\u00eda un empleo en el \u00e1mbito forestal bastante m\u00e1s amplio de lo que cabr\u00eda suponer, y con connotaciones diferentes a las de otras disciplinas. Si partimos de su definici\u00f3n m\u00e1s directa (algo que no puede o debe tocarse), ya aparece una llamada a diversos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos asociados a los sistemas forestales. En efecto, desde hace mucho tiempo se maneja un conjunto de acepciones que, en s\u00edntesis y dejando algunas matizaciones a un lado, se refieren b\u00e1sicamente a lo mismo: el uso m\u00faltiple del bosque, la multifuncionalidad, las <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/99_externalidades\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/99_externalidades\/\">externalidades<\/a> positivas, algunos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos y, obviamente, los intangibles. Es decir, se intenta caracterizar aquellos servicios que no se pueden materializar ni presentan una cuantificaci\u00f3n f\u00e1cil. En cierta forma es una especie de comod\u00edn, porque es un adjetivo que se presta a muchas dimensiones: beneficios intangibles, p\u00e9rdidas intangibles, capital intangible, valores intangibles, \u201ccommodities\u201d intangibles, recursos intangibles, activos intangibles, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por otro lado, se tiende a dise\u00f1ar clasificaciones que sean perfectamente binarias, en el sentido que si, por ejemplo, un determinado producto es calificado como un, obviamente, bien tangible, no puede albergar ning\u00fan atributo que se relacione con lo intangible. Pues bien, ello no es siempre as\u00ed, y existen numerosas excepciones al respecto. Tomando la madera como un caso concreto y f\u00e1cil de pensar, todo el mundo puede pensar que es un prototipo de un bien tangible y, adem\u00e1s, con f\u00e1cil intercambio en unidades monetarias. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n puede incluir ciertos aspectos intangibles. Por ejemplo, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pasar\u00eda si los consumidores apreciaran el origen de la madera? Es decir, si pagar\u00edan m\u00e1s dinero por comprar un metro c\u00fabico que se haya cortado en un monte determinado, bien sea por la calidad, por las propiedades tecnol\u00f3gicas o por otras razones (v.gr., \u201cPino de Valsa\u00edn\u201d). F\u00e1cilmente se puede apreciar que existen propiedades que se asignar\u00edan al territorio de los intangibles. M\u00e1s adelante volver\u00e9 a esta idea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Otro ejemplo muy claro de la importancia de lo intangible se puede apreciar en muchos ejercicios de valoraci\u00f3n, a diferentes niveles. De forma bastante com\u00fan se suele asociar el uso de determinados m\u00e9todos de <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/89_valor-servicios-ecosistemicos\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/89_valor-servicios-ecosistemicos\/\">valoraci\u00f3n ambiental<\/a> a la existencia de intangibles. Por ejemplo, aspectos recreativos, de conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad, etc. se pueden considerar como ciertos intangibles y se recurre a t\u00e9cnicas como pueden ser las basadas en las preferencias declaradas para conseguir obtener un determinado valor. Pero si nos centramos en un determinado predio rural, es f\u00e1cil encontrar casos donde su valor de mercado, entendido como aquel que ha fijado la cantidad acordada por comprador y vendedor para la transacci\u00f3n, es muy superior a la suma de los valores asociados a los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de provisi\u00f3n vinculados a esa finca. \u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre entonces? Pues dejando a un lado episodios inflacionistas espor\u00e1dicos, lo que suele ocurrir es que existen atributos no recogidos en la contabilidad de las fincas y que son apreciados por los agentes econ\u00f3micos implicados en la negociaci\u00f3n. Esos atributos se pueden asimilar a una forma de intangible muy utilizada en el \u00e1mbito de la empresa: el fondo de comercio o \u201cgoodwill\u201d, que ser\u00eda algo as\u00ed como la cantidad que una empresa paga por otra m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del valor de sus activos. En el ejemplo que he puesto nos encontrar\u00edamos con que un posible comprador valora intangibles asociados de la finca que no tienen nada que ver con el valor de las producciones asociadas a la misma. Un ejemplo muy ilustrativo ser\u00eda el llamado autoconsumo ambiental, donde un propietario privado de una finca forestal tiene el disfrute de ciertos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos, ese disfrute es excluyente (ning\u00fan otro ciudadano lo puede tener) y, encima, lo puede legar a sus herederos. Convendr\u00e1n conmigo que, aunque se pudiera cuantificar en un sobreprecio del valor de la finca, constituye un ejemplo claro de otro recurso intangible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y ya que se introduce en el an\u00e1lisis conceptos como el valor, no cabe duda de que existen numerosos intangibles asociados a percepciones de este vinculados a un sistema forestal: desde un valor sentimental (individual o de grupo), hasta un determinado valor recreativo, otro asociado a la contemplaci\u00f3n de un paisaje, e incluso algunos valores art\u00edsticos o incluso simb\u00f3licos. Todos ellos est\u00e1n asociados a intangibles, pero existen ejemplos mucho m\u00e1s conspicuos: desde los beneficios intangibles que aporta el arbolado urbano en las ciudades hasta los famosos cr\u00e9ditos asociados a diversos <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\/\">servicios ecosist\u00e9micos<\/a>, como el carbono. La lista se podr\u00eda acrecentar mucho m\u00e1s (no he hablado de aspectos asociados a valores cient\u00edficos, a posibles proyectos de innovaci\u00f3n a desarrollarse en el caso analizado, etc.), pero tambi\u00e9n conviene precisar que existe una componente din\u00e1mica, motivada por diversas razones, que van desde la propia evoluci\u00f3n de las masas forestales hasta los cambios de preferencias que se constatan tanto a nivel individual como a nivel de sociedad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No obstante, y despu\u00e9s de esta casu\u00edstica quisiera acabar esta entrada centr\u00e1ndome en ciertos intangibles bastante comunes a nivel forestal que, a mi juicio, no est\u00e1n muy imbricados ni en la gesti\u00f3n ni en las contabilidades asociadas a diferentes servicios ecosist\u00e9micos. El primero tiene que ver con ese intangible que se llama la herencia cultural vinculada a ciertos montes. Incluso existen <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/conventiontext\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/conventiontext\/\">convenciones internacionales<\/a> auspiciadas por la UNESCO que pregonan medidas para salvaguardar este intangible que toca directamente a aspectos como el conocimiento y las pr\u00e1cticas asociadas a ciertos bienes y servicios existentes. Conforme se incremente el despoblamiento rural, m\u00e1s riesgo existe que se pierdan costumbres, tradiciones y v\u00ednculos ancestrales de los ciudadanos con los sistemas forestales. Se deber\u00eda hacer m\u00e1s hincapi\u00e9 sobre estos temas en algunos documentos de gesti\u00f3n. Otro ejemplo ser\u00eda el intangible asociado al valor delegado vinculado a im\u00e1genes, v\u00eddeos, fotos con el tel\u00e9fono m\u00f3vil, etc. \u00bfno se deber\u00eda articular alguna forma de que el sistema forestal internalizara al menos parte de este valor? Adem\u00e1s, y relacionado con ciertos intangibles ya mencionados, creo que se impone no considerar modernas \u201ccommodities\u201d como el cr\u00e9dito de carbono como una especie de marca blanca: todos presentan el mismo valor otorgado por el mercado (o el pseudomercado) correspondiente. La pregunta ser\u00eda: \u00bfno podr\u00eda pagar m\u00e1s dinero una empresa interesada en estos cr\u00e9ditos seg\u00fan el origen de estos? \u00bfno podr\u00eda pagarse m\u00e1s por un cr\u00e9dito generado en un monte emblem\u00e1tico que por una plantaci\u00f3n con una especie de crecimiento r\u00e1pido realizada tras un incendio? Todas estas hipot\u00e9ticas cuestiones quedan sobre la mesa, pero vienen a se\u00f1alar que lo intangible igual es m\u00e1s relevante y que abarca m\u00e1s aspectos que los previstos inicial y tangiblemente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Beethoven no es el piano, sino la m\u00fasica, arpa intangible que nos ha legado el misterio. Francisco Umbral: Trilog\u00eda de Madrid Me voy a referir a un concepto bastante polis\u00e9mico y que ha tenido, y est\u00e1 teniendo hoy en d\u00eda un empleo en el \u00e1mbito forestal bastante m\u00e1s amplio de lo que cabr\u00eda suponer, y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,56,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-multifuncionalidad-pt-pt","category-valoracion-pt-pt","category-varios-pt-pt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lo intangible y lo forestal - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lo intangible y lo forestal - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Beethoven no es el piano, sino la m\u00fasica, arpa intangible que nos ha legado el misterio. Francisco Umbral: Trilog\u00eda de Madrid Me voy a referir a un concepto bastante polis\u00e9mico y que ha tenido, y est\u00e1 teniendo hoy en d\u00eda un empleo en el \u00e1mbito forestal bastante m\u00e1s amplio de lo que cabr\u00eda suponer, y [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-31T05:06:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-13T11:26:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"LDB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2850da9c7637ba735ae086aa2e99b3c9\"},\"headline\":\"Lo intangible y lo forestal\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-31T05:06:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-13T11:26:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1214,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/beautiful-and-peaceful-nature-landscape-50676.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Multifuncionalidad\",\"Valoraci\u00f3n\",\"Varios\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/lo-intangible-y-lo-forestal\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lo intangible y lo forestal - 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