{"id":3385,"date":"2024-01-15T07:32:32","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T05:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\/"},"modified":"2024-02-13T13:35:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T11:35:10","slug":"creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00e9ditos y Servicios Ecosist\u00e9micos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">\u2026<em>conced\u00eda cr\u00e9ditos sin inter\u00e9s a negocios que prometieran mantener las puertas abiertas (sin exigir nunca su devoluci\u00f3n)<\/em>. Hern\u00e1n D\u00edaz: Fortuna<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os se est\u00e1 produciendo un esperado auge de formas de intercambio que vinculan servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de regulaci\u00f3n con instrumentos de mercado. Empleo el t\u00e9rmino \u201cesperado\u201d porque resulta l\u00f3gico intentar abordar nuevas v\u00edas para otorgar valores de mercado a ciertas externalidades positivas. As\u00ed, adem\u00e1s de los ya muy conocidos cr\u00e9ditos de carbono, con sus amplias clasificaciones, se habla tambi\u00e9n de cr\u00e9ditos asociados a la biodiversidad, cr\u00e9ditos vinculados al agua (por ejemplo, su calidad), cr\u00e9ditos concernientes al carbono en el suelo, etc. Ampliando la perspectiva a un prisma rural, tambi\u00e9n habr\u00eda que considerar los cr\u00e9ditos asignados a ciertas pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas. Por otro lado, aunque no sean propiamente cr\u00e9ditos, no conviene olvidar que algunos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos (aqu\u00ed tambi\u00e9n se incluir\u00edan algunos culturales) est\u00e1n vinculados a los pagos por servicios ambientales. En definitiva, y sin pretender ser exhaustivo, la lista es bastante amplia. Sin embargo, no es f\u00e1cil encontrar an\u00e1lisis que integren todos ellos, sus compatibilidades, sus antagonismos y, sobre todo, sus implicaciones tanto para los diversos actores que intervienen en estos procesos como para la gesti\u00f3n de las masas forestales objeto de este leg\u00edtimo inter\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un ejemplo muy claro de lo que estoy comentando lo constituyen los<a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/sistemas-forestales-y-acuerdos-climaticos\/\"> cr\u00e9ditos de carbon<\/a>o y los cr\u00e9ditos asociados a la biodiversidad. Sobre los primeros he comentado muchos aspectos en este blog, pero no as\u00ed sobre los segundos. Al igual que los de carbono, su auge est\u00e1 vinculado a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/gbf\/\">acuerdos supranacionales<\/a>, pero presentan atributos propios. As\u00ed, se suele hablar de dos tipos de cr\u00e9ditos, unos asociados a compensar por un da\u00f1o causado (\u201cbiodiversity offsets\u201d), y otros simplemente no est\u00e1n supeditados a esta compensaci\u00f3n, sino que se sustancian simplemente para asegurar la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad (\u201cbiodiversity credits\u201d). Por otro lado, los horizontes temporales suelen ser distintos. As\u00ed los cr\u00e9ditos asociados a la biodiversidad presentan lapsos de tiempo m\u00e1s dilatados. Adem\u00e1s, actualmente son menos l\u00edquidos que los del carbono, aunque ya comienzan a aparecer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planvivo.org\/news\/plan-vivo-launch-biodiversity-standard\">est\u00e1ndares<\/a> y v\u00ednculos a nivel empresarial con los famosos ESG. Por \u00faltimo, y como resulta f\u00e1cil pensar, las unidades en que se miden ambos tipos de cr\u00e9ditos son distintas. Mientras que en un caso ser\u00edan toneladas de CO2, en el caso de los cr\u00e9ditos de biodiversidad no existe una m\u00e9trica tan evidente y universal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dejando de un lado esta caracterizaci\u00f3n, me interesa destacar algunos aspectos relacionados con el auge y las implicaciones, a diferentes niveles, que presentan estas nuevas modalidades. La primera pregunta que surge es inmediata: \u00bfson conjuntos disjuntos o existen sinergias entre ambos? Aqu\u00ed la literatura es amplia y variada, como lo son las casu\u00edsticas existentes. Ya he insinuado que los est\u00e1ndares son distintos, aunque ya se encuentran puntos de encuentro. As\u00ed, est\u00e1n apareciendo cr\u00e9ditos de carbono vinculados a acciones que tambi\u00e9n suponen mejoras en los sistemas forestales en t\u00e9rminos de biodiversidad. Estos cr\u00e9ditos distintivos se diferencian en algunos est\u00e1ndares, como el recientemente publicado en Portugal. Por otro lado, las etapas iniciales de justificar aspectos como adicionalidad, permanencia, cuantificaci\u00f3n rigurosa, verificaci\u00f3n, etc. deben ser comunes. Sin embargo, desde un punto de vista m\u00e1s te\u00f3rico, aqu\u00ed surge una pregunta: \u00bfse puede integrar la captura de carbono y la conservaci\u00f3n de biodiversidad como una suerte de producci\u00f3n conjunta? Es decir, \u00bfsi se aumenta la captura de carbono autom\u00e1ticamente se mejora el estado de conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad del caso analizado? En la literatura hay numerosos ejemplos que pueden darse este tipo de externalidades positivas, pero tambi\u00e9n aparecen excepciones y limitaciones. Dejando a un lado los proyectos <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/62_redd-una-oportunidad-perdida-en-espana\/\">REDD+<\/a>, parece que c\u00f3mo se definan los cr\u00e9ditos de carbono puede ser relevante, pero lo es m\u00e1s la situaci\u00f3n particular de cada sistema forestal. Y aqu\u00ed interviene el punto de partida (no me estoy refiriendo exclusivamente a nuevas plantaciones), la selvicultura realizada y prevista, las especies objeto de inter\u00e9s, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En otro orden de cosas, los an\u00e1lisis suelen ser siempre desde el lado de la demanda (stakeholders, privados o p\u00fablicos) interesados en computar estos cr\u00e9ditos en sus balances o, simplemente, para cubrir ciertas previsiones legales. Sin embargo, no se suelen realizar desde el punto de vista de la propiedad ni del gestor. Resulta evidente que es necesaria una visi\u00f3n a largo plazo que nunca la van a tener los demandantes de esos cr\u00e9ditos. Y esta visi\u00f3n no debe olvidarse con la aparici\u00f3n de nuevos actores en este proceloso mundo: empresas, verificadores (por cierto, no contemplados en la <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/nuevas-plantaciones-forestales-y-el-carbono\/\">vigente normativa<\/a> nacional), organizaciones no gubernamentales, etc. Todo este proceso no puede ser indefinidamente aditivo en cuanto a nuevos actores y servicios ecosist\u00e9micos considerados y urge una racionalizaci\u00f3n. A mi modo de ver, dicha racionalizaci\u00f3n debe estar imbricada en los proyectos de ordenaci\u00f3n asociados a cada caso de estudio. Adem\u00e1s, no se debe olvidar el papel de las organizaciones <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/101_sopa-de-sellos\/\">certificadoras<\/a>, algunas apostando por certificar simult\u00e1neamente varios de estos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos. En definitiva, directa o indirectamente se est\u00e1 incrementando el n\u00famero de stakeholders, pero nunca pensando en la eficiencia de la gesti\u00f3n. Es preciso recordar que, a mayor n\u00famero de actores intentando influir en una decisi\u00f3n, la soluci\u00f3n compromiso es m\u00e1s complicada, con independencia de la metodolog\u00eda empleada para alcanzar ese hipot\u00e9tico consenso. Volviendo a la gesti\u00f3n, a t\u00edtulo de ejemplo, no se entender\u00eda computar cr\u00e9ditos de biodiversidad en unidades de manejo de un monte que no estuvieran alineados con la gesti\u00f3n prevista en las mismas. Siguiendo en esta l\u00ednea, \u00bfes la<a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/68_aullidos-imprevistos-2\/\"> no gesti\u00f3n<\/a> la \u00fanica alternativa en estas \u00e1reas? \u00bfno cabe apostar por una selvicultura apropiada?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Me gustar\u00eda, por \u00faltimo, finalizar esta entrada mencionando una evidente paradoja: se est\u00e1 hablando de imputar cr\u00e9ditos por diversos ecosist\u00e9micos a distintas \u00e1reas forestales, pero donde es muy posible que no se disponga de contabilizaciones adecuadas de dichos servicios ecosist\u00e9micos. \u00bfTiene eso sentido? \u00bfSe puede hacer gesti\u00f3n sin conocer los valores asociados a cada servicio ecosist\u00e9mico relacionado? Si se produce un desastre, \u00bfsabemos valorar lo que se ha perdido? (ejemplos: <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/valoracion-de-incendios-forestales\/\">incendios forestales<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/36_a-vueltas-con-la-sentencia-prestige\/\">desastres ambientales<\/a>, etc.). A mi juicio, la respuesta a estos tres \u00faltimos interrogantes es id\u00e9ntica: no. Pero Doctores (no plagiarios) tiene la iglesia\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2026conced\u00eda cr\u00e9ditos sin inter\u00e9s a negocios que prometieran mantener las puertas abiertas (sin exigir nunca su devoluci\u00f3n). Hern\u00e1n D\u00edaz: Fortuna En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os se est\u00e1 produciendo un esperado auge de formas de intercambio que vinculan servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de regulaci\u00f3n con instrumentos de mercado. Empleo el t\u00e9rmino \u201cesperado\u201d porque resulta l\u00f3gico intentar abordar nuevas v\u00edas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,69,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biodiversidad-pt-pt","category-cambio-climatico-pt-pt","category-carbono-pt-pt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cr\u00e9ditos y Servicios Ecosist\u00e9micos - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cr\u00e9ditos y Servicios Ecosist\u00e9micos - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2026conced\u00eda cr\u00e9ditos sin inter\u00e9s a negocios que prometieran mantener las puertas abiertas (sin exigir nunca su devoluci\u00f3n). Hern\u00e1n D\u00edaz: Fortuna En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os se est\u00e1 produciendo un esperado auge de formas de intercambio que vinculan servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de regulaci\u00f3n con instrumentos de mercado. Empleo el t\u00e9rmino \u201cesperado\u201d porque resulta l\u00f3gico intentar abordar nuevas v\u00edas [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-15T05:32:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-13T11:35:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"LDB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2850da9c7637ba735ae086aa2e99b3c9\"},\"headline\":\"Cr\u00e9ditos y Servicios Ecosist\u00e9micos\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-15T05:32:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-13T11:35:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1128,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/Firefly-a-roe-deer-in-a-forest-plantation-83489.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Biodiversidad\",\"Cambio clim\u00e1tico\",\"Carbono\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/pt-pt\\\/creditos-y-servicios-ecosistemicos\\\/\",\"name\":\"Cr\u00e9ditos y Servicios Ecosist\u00e9micos - 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