{"id":3078,"date":"2021-05-17T07:29:26","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T07:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/75_arboles-extramaduros\/"},"modified":"2021-05-17T07:29:26","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T07:29:26","slug":"75_arboles-extramaduros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/75_arboles-extramaduros\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1rboles extramaduros"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde el punto de vista de la dasocracia, una de las ideas que se ha modificado notablemente en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas se refiere a las opciones para gestionar los \u00e1rboles que sobrepasan el turno fijado en el proyecto de ordenaci\u00f3n. Ser\u00edan los llamados \u00e1rboles padre, extramaduros o extracortables. Si uno acude a los textos cl\u00e1sicos de la ciencia forestal en Espa\u00f1a puede comprobar c\u00f3mo los objetivos de dejar sin cortar algunos \u00e1rboles correspond\u00edan generalmente a la idea de apoyar la regeneraci\u00f3n natural de la masa, sobre todo cuando se aplicaba una selvicultura basada en el aclareo sucesivo y uniforme. Por otro lado, se sol\u00eda hacer hincapi\u00e9 en que, para algunas especies, alargar el turno previsto pod\u00eda suponer una merma de los ingresos futuros debido a la acci\u00f3n de ciertos agentes pat\u00f3genos, por lo que no se estimulaba modificaciones en el turno previsto inicialmente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"http:\/\/balteiro.vl24666.dinaserver.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/chestnut-4034752_1920-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1031\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/chestnut-4034752_1920-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/chestnut-4034752_1920-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/chestnut-4034752_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/chestnut-4034752_1920.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, conforme han ido variando los objetivos de la ordenaci\u00f3n de ciertos sistemas forestales, esta proposici\u00f3n inicial se ha ido modificando.&nbsp;&nbsp;Me estoy refiriendo a casos donde objetivos de conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad o de uso social han adquirido una importancia notable frente a los cl\u00e1sicos objetivos asociados a los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de provisi\u00f3n. Ello ha conducido a que los llamados \u00e1rboles padre permanecieran m\u00e1s tiempo sin cortar, y que incluso algunos de ellos se anclaran a un turno f\u00edsico. Paralelamente, se comprob\u00f3 c\u00f3mo, en aras de aumentar ciertos indicadores de biodiversidad, ser\u00eda muy deseable dejar ciertos \u00e1rboles morir en pie, con independencia del turno al que ello suceda, y, a la vez, se aconsejaba no retirar los \u00e1rboles muertos. Tambi\u00e9n se ha propuesto en algunos casos anillar \u00e1rboles con el fin de aumentar la madera muerta en pie. Estas ideas se integran hoy en d\u00eda en ciertas normativas de gesti\u00f3n forestal, e incluso se intentan adoptar estos principios en casos de restauraci\u00f3n forestal donde se plantean mover \u00e1rboles maduros para aumentar la biodiversidad en otras zonas con edades menores.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por otro lado, esta idea de preservar \u00e1rboles extramaduros se han articulado en nuevos sistemas selv\u00edcolas que aparecieron en la costa oeste de Norteam\u00e9rica a finales del siglo pasado, a ra\u00edz de la prohibici\u00f3n de las cortas a hecho en masas naturales. Me estoy refiriendo a los sistemas de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.balteiro.com\/es\/node\/236\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">retenci\u00f3n variable<\/a>&nbsp;(originariamente de retenci\u00f3n en verde, o \u201cgreen-tree retention\u201d) donde lo que se pretende es fijar un turno f\u00edsico a un porcentaje significativo de la masa actual. Ello se puede hacer de forma dispersa o continua, y el porcentaje a retener var\u00eda seg\u00fan los casos estudiados. Casos que se han extendido a otras zonas (Escandinavia, Patagonia, etc.) y donde se compatibilizan aprovechamientos forestales con la citada conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad. En definitiva, lo que hace unas d\u00e9cadas era una decisi\u00f3n bastante simple hoy en d\u00eda se ha convertido en un ejemplo donde los t\u00e9cnicos deben sopesar bien qu\u00e9 y cu\u00e1nto dejan sin cortar con el fin de cumplir los objetivos que persigue la propiedad.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Resulta entendible que exista una preocupaci\u00f3n por la desaparici\u00f3n de bosques primarios, donde abundan \u00e1rboles sobremaduros, pero esa preocupaci\u00f3n no deber\u00eda concluir que es un problema que ocurre en todos los pa\u00edses y a todas las escalas. Y dicha preocupaci\u00f3n no deber\u00eda obligar a que el \u00fanico modo de gestionar estas masas sea prohibiendo las cortas finales sin m\u00e1s. Creo que la ciencia forestal ha demostrado que es capaz de proponer alternativas m\u00e1s precisas, que conllevan un compromiso entre diversos objetivos y que subliman la acci\u00f3n del t\u00e9cnico forestal al lidiar con problemas complejos. No consiste s\u00f3lo en manejar la vegetaci\u00f3n modulando la masa existente, proponiendo ciertas actuaciones selv\u00edcolas para lograr la densidad adecuada, sino decidir la composici\u00f3n espacial y temporal de acuerdo con un conjunto de objetivos. En definitiva, adquiere importancia no s\u00f3lo c\u00f3mo, d\u00f3nde y c\u00f3mo cortar la masa, sino c\u00f3mo, d\u00f3nde y c\u00f3mo no hacerlo, y esta tarea precisa de t\u00e9cnicos competentes. No es menester que esta gesti\u00f3n sea planteada por grupos sociales que s\u00f3lo proponen prohibir las cortas finales. Dichos grupos a\u00fan no han entendido que las masas forestales existentes en la actualidad en muchas zonas templadas son el resultado de un proceso secular de interacci\u00f3n con el hombre, y por ello suelen reaccionar de forma extempor\u00e1nea con <a href=\"http:\/\/www.balteiro.com\/es\/node\/283\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">propuestas<\/a> fuera de lugar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Desde el punto de vista de la dasocracia, una de las ideas que se ha modificado notablemente en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas se refiere a las opciones para gestionar los \u00e1rboles que sobrepasan el turno fijado en el proyecto de ordenaci\u00f3n. Ser\u00edan los llamados \u00e1rboles padre, extramaduros o extracortables. Si uno acude a los textos cl\u00e1sicos [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[73,84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-forestal-pt-pt","category-selvicultura-pt-pt"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c1rboles extramaduros - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/pt-pt\/75_arboles-extramaduros\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c1rboles extramaduros - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Desde el punto de vista de la dasocracia, una de las ideas que se ha modificado notablemente en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas se refiere a las opciones para gestionar los \u00e1rboles que sobrepasan el turno fijado en el proyecto de ordenaci\u00f3n. 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