{"id":3149,"date":"2022-07-25T08:33:29","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T08:33:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\/"},"modified":"2022-07-25T08:33:29","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T08:33:29","slug":"111_gestion-forestal-ideal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/en\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\/","title":{"rendered":"Gesti\u00f3n Forestal Ideal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando se habla de gesti\u00f3n forestal, a lo largo de muchos a\u00f1os ha resultado habitual a\u00f1adir como adjetivo el car\u00e1cter de \u201cideal\u201d a la misma. Como se mostrar\u00e1 a continuaci\u00f3n, esa caracterizaci\u00f3n estaba basada no en aspectos espurios, sino en el convencimiento de que se pod\u00eda llegar a ella a trav\u00e9s de un m\u00e9todo, basado en principios s\u00f3lidamente establecidos en propuestas te\u00f3ricas pertenecientes a diversos campos de conocimiento. No obstante, en los \u00faltimos tiempos se puede apreciar un descenso en cuanto a la necesaria pulcritud a la hora de adoptar el t\u00e9rmino \u201cideal\u201d como acompa\u00f1ante de lo que debe ser la gesti\u00f3n forestal. Es decir, empieza a ser un calificativo que se incluye dentro de ese conjunto difuso de soflamas que todo lo envuelven y nada aportan. As\u00ed, se intenta justificar que es \u201cideal\u201d porque se propone individualmente (bien sea una persona o una organizaci\u00f3n) y eso, seg\u00fan los proponentes, no debe ser cuestionado bajo ning\u00fan concepto, m\u00e1xime si se justifica en aras de un supuesto bien com\u00fan condensado en ciertas agendas pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/balteiro.vl24666.dinaserver.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-757\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El concepto \u201cideal\u201d en la tradici\u00f3n forestal ha estado vinculado a la idea de \u201cmonte normal\u201d, que por inalcanzable (y menos en la vida del gestor) se asum\u00eda a una meta por la que se debe porfiar, de acuerdo con los objetivos deseados por la propiedad en cada momento. Numerosos textos cl\u00e1sicos en la ciencia forestal han profundizado en esta idea. Por poner algunos ejemplos, ya en Olaz\u00e1bal (1863) se defin\u00eda claramente como el ideal de la Dasocracia establecer un turno t\u00e9cnicamente \u00f3ptimo o de m\u00e1xima renta en especie. Este \u00f3ptimo ha sido corroborado por muchos autores, tanto desde el \u00e1mbito forestal como el de la econom\u00eda de los recursos naturales. Eldredge (1928) conclu\u00eda que la m\u00e1xima producci\u00f3n por unidad de superficie y el rendimiento sostenido asociado a una planificaci\u00f3n forestal efectiva constitu\u00edan el ideal del forestal. Esta definici\u00f3n coincide con los postulados de Mackay (1944), quien afirma que la renta anual, constante y m\u00e1xima es el ideal de la gesti\u00f3n. En cualquier caso, ambos aportes resultan muy interesantes porque incorporan simult\u00e1neamente m\u00e1s de un objetivo al an\u00e1lisis. Otro autor de referencia (Assmann, 1970) ya diferencia un ideal selv\u00edcola que proporciona una gesti\u00f3n sostenible (\u201cideal\u201d), en contraposici\u00f3n a la selvicultura \u201creal\u201d asociada a los cantones donde se van a efectuar las cortas finales previstas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En definitiva, se observa c\u00f3mo se define un modelo \u201cideal\u201d, sustentado por evidencias te\u00f3ricas frente al que no se olvida la ejecuci\u00f3n de un modelo real, mucho menos exigente a la hora de justificar ciertas actuaciones. Un ejemplo f\u00e1cil de entender ser\u00eda las masas irregulares, con una irregularidad pie a pie, donde es m\u00e1s o menos sencillo definir un modelo ideal\u2026 pero muy complicado de ejecutar y de alcanzar dicha meta: una masa donde los pies de cada clase de edad sigan una determinada progresi\u00f3n. Es decir, aqu\u00ed los gestores fijan unos comportamientos ideales en el futuro de acuerdo con variables dasom\u00e9tricas, ciertamente sostenibles, pero, a la vez se definen actuaciones que est\u00e9n conformes con los objetivos de la propiedad y que permitan, a muy largo plazo, acercarse a dicho ideal. En s\u00edntesis, lo \u201cideal\u201d se define y justifica seg\u00fan la ciencia forestal, y la forma de proceder es la de perseguir esa situaci\u00f3n atendiendo a los objetivos marcados en un plan de gesti\u00f3n y evaluando el coste de oportunidad de cada medida. En definitiva, lo \u201cideal\u201d no es una ocurrencia desinteresada, sino un modelo que ayuda a compatibilizar lo necesario y lo posible atendiendo a un fin \u00faltimo perfectamente establecido y, por supuesto, debe estar fundamentado seg\u00fan principios t\u00e9cnicos o cient\u00edficos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conjugar lo real dentro de lo ideal en un contexto de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.balteiro.com\/es\/87_defensa-gestion-forestal\">planificaci\u00f3n a largo plazo<\/a>&nbsp;parece, a priori, una medida prudente y deseable. Adem\u00e1s, esta forma de actuar se ha demostrado muchos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s como perfectamente asumible, ya que es la base de modelos de decisi\u00f3n multicriterio, donde se pretende obtener soluciones factibles a problemas que incorporan m\u00faltiples objetivos. El m\u00e1s popular ser\u00eda la programaci\u00f3n compromiso, donde se procuran las soluciones m\u00e1s pr\u00f3ximas a un ideal previamente determinado, que van a diferir seg\u00fan se mida la distancia al mismo, y las preferencias del centro decisor. Es decir, salvando las distancias, justo lo que han hecho secularmente los ingenieros de montes, y esta afirmaci\u00f3n no es balad\u00ed porque incluye aspectos cruciales: incorporar a la gesti\u00f3n varios objetivos, justificar inicialmente dicho ideal, y plantear alternativas en el medio plazo que, de acuerdo con los objetivos de la propiedad, permitan aproximarse a dicha meta. En definitiva, lo \u201cideal\u201d tiene poco de ocurrencia, y mucho de trabajo previo y de aplicaci\u00f3n de conceptos t\u00e9cnicos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por el contrario, otras veces se justifica, con acierto, una gesti\u00f3n ideal vinculada a no cortar ciertos rodales sobremaduros con el fin de proteger cierta fauna vinculada a estos sistemas forestales. Sin embargo, gestionar estas superficies acotadas bajo par\u00e1metros de no gesti\u00f3n y justificar que es la soluci\u00f3n ideal con un prop\u00f3sito monobjetivo centrado en conservar una especie emblem\u00e1tica no significa, en ning\u00fan caso, que la gesti\u00f3n ideal ser\u00eda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.balteiro.com\/es\/69_Pseudociencia-en-los-sistemas-forestales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">no realizar cortas finales<\/a>, de forma permanente, en cuarteles o montes en su totalidad con esos supuestos fines protectores, con independencia de su edad actual. Aqu\u00ed el t\u00e9rmino \u201cideal\u201d se prostituye y queda al albor de un juicio de valor realizado por personas ajenas a cualquier fundamento de la gesti\u00f3n forestal. Un ejemplo parecido se podr\u00eda pensar en un monte con un potencial micol\u00f3gico notable. Si se conoce que la m\u00e1xima producci\u00f3n de un determinado hongo ocurre a los 40-50 a\u00f1os, lo \u201cideal\u201d no ser\u00eda fijar un turno cercano a este umbral, sino provocar un modelo de gesti\u00f3n que asegure al menos una parte del monte que siempre tenga esta edad y as\u00ed asegurar una producci\u00f3n lo m\u00e1s constante posible. Aqu\u00ed la gesti\u00f3n ideal pudiera ser un turno mucho m\u00e1s dilatado, de acuerdo con otros objetivos de gesti\u00f3n, pero la gesti\u00f3n real posiblemente le obligue a fijar un turno y a modificarlo (al alza o a la baja) en cada unidad de gesti\u00f3n de acuerdo con la producci\u00f3n observada. Es decir, que los c\u00e1lculos se pueden realizar de acuerdo con ese objetivo ideal, pero la gesti\u00f3n efectiva se sobrepone atendiendo a las condiciones de cada cant\u00f3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En definitiva, los ejemplos anteriores muestran c\u00f3mo la integraci\u00f3n del ep\u00edteto \u201cideal\u201d responde a un bagaje (te\u00f3rico y emp\u00edrico) que ya ha sido, en general, corroborado y aceptado en el \u00e1mbito forestal. Ahora bien, justificar un proyecto, solicitar una subvenci\u00f3n afirmando que se va a desarrollar una gesti\u00f3n \u201cideal\u201d sin definir ni justificar dicha condici\u00f3n supone perpetrar el en\u00e9simo enga\u00f1o bajo el paraguas de ciertos conceptos maleables y, al parecer, imprescindibles para criticar actuaciones pret\u00e9ritas en los sistemas forestales o para rellenar cualquier tipo de memoria pseudocient\u00edfica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuando se habla de gesti\u00f3n forestal, a lo largo de muchos a\u00f1os ha resultado habitual a\u00f1adir como adjetivo el car\u00e1cter de \u201cideal\u201d a la misma. Como se mostrar\u00e1 a continuaci\u00f3n, esa caracterizaci\u00f3n estaba basada no en aspectos espurios, sino en el convencimiento de que se pod\u00eda llegar a ella a trav\u00e9s de un m\u00e9todo, basado [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,75,91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-forestal-en","category-multifuncionalidad-en","category-teoria-de-la-decision-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gesti\u00f3n Forestal Ideal - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/en\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gesti\u00f3n Forestal Ideal - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cuando se habla de gesti\u00f3n forestal, a lo largo de muchos a\u00f1os ha resultado habitual a\u00f1adir como adjetivo el car\u00e1cter de \u201cideal\u201d a la misma. Como se mostrar\u00e1 a continuaci\u00f3n, esa caracterizaci\u00f3n estaba basada no en aspectos espurios, sino en el convencimiento de que se pod\u00eda llegar a ella a trav\u00e9s de un m\u00e9todo, basado [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/en\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-25T08:33:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"LDB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"LDB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2850da9c7637ba735ae086aa2e99b3c9\"},\"headline\":\"Gesti\u00f3n Forestal Ideal\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-25T08:33:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1242,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/pexels-alexey-demidov-11425883.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Gesti\u00f3n forestal\",\"Multifuncionalidad\",\"Teor\u00eda de la decisi\u00f3n\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/balteiro.com\\\/en\\\/111_gestion-forestal-ideal\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gesti\u00f3n Forestal Ideal - 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