{"id":3031,"date":"2020-08-17T08:08:16","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T08:08:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/52_plantaciones-forestales-y-iv\/"},"modified":"2020-08-17T08:08:16","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T08:08:16","slug":"52_plantaciones-forestales-y-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/en\/52_plantaciones-forestales-y-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Plantaciones forestales (y IV)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Siguiendo con las entradas que peri\u00f3dicamente he dedicado a este tipo de sistemas forestales, tan injustamente denostado en nuestro pa\u00eds, aprovecho esta para centrarme en los \u00faltimos trabajos de dos investigadores (Hall<\/a> y Brancalion<\/a>) con una m\u00e1s que dilatada trayectoria en estos campos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ambos trabajos (uno publicado en Science<\/a> y otro en Journal of Applied Ecolog<\/a>y) parten de un hecho que se est\u00e1 produciendo en muchos pa\u00edses: los numerosos planes a gran escala para fomentar forestaciones, tanto a nivel nacional como supranacional, auspiciados no s\u00f3lo por gobiernos de todos los continentes (excluyendo el caso de Espa\u00f1a, no vaya a ser que alguna lumbrera califique de franquista este tipo de iniciativas), sino tambi\u00e9n por oeneg\u00e9s. Sus tesis se pueden resumir muy esquem\u00e1ticamente en dos ideas principales. La primera se refiere al hecho de realizar plantaciones sin ton ni son con el objetivo de alcanzar sin m\u00e1s ciertos objetivos en cuanto al n\u00famero de \u00e1rboles implicados puede reducir esfuerzos a otras iniciativas loables para cumplir objetivos ambientales a escala mundial, como puede ser la reducci\u00f3n de la superficie deforestada. Como es bien conocido, la forestaci\u00f3n masiva de terrenos nunca ser\u00e1 la soluci\u00f3n del objetivo de reducir las emisiones de gases contaminantes, sino s\u00f3lo una ayuda para cumplir ciertos objetivos. Por otro lado, la segunda idea incide en algo muy bien conocido en las Escuelas Forestales: la importancia de dise\u00f1ar actuaciones no s\u00f3lo referentes al mero hecho de comenzar una forestaci\u00f3n, sino a las necesidades selv\u00edcolas que van a precisar a lo largo de su vida \u00fatil. A t\u00edtulo de ejemplo, estas previsiones se incorporaron en los planes de forestaci\u00f3n de tierras agrarias de finales del siglo pasado. Es decir, que no s\u00f3lo importan los miles de hect\u00e1reas forestadas, sino que, a largo plazo, las plantaciones cumplan los objetivos previstos inicialmente y no se abandone su gesti\u00f3n pasados unos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como bien indican los autores, las plantaciones son un medio, no un fin, pudiendo presentar diferentes objetivos (no se tienen que circunscribir s\u00f3lo a maximizar la producci\u00f3n de madera), e, idealmente, deber\u00edan aunar en un cierto modo las preferencias de los distintos stakeholders implicados. Tambi\u00e9n se debe tener presente que, en la comparaci\u00f3n de la situaci\u00f3n anterior (sin forestaci\u00f3n) y la situaci\u00f3n posterior, las plantaciones forestales no implican que todos los objetivos asociados a la multifuncionalidad propia de un sistema forestal se puedan maximizar a la vez. Existen siempre trade-offs entre ellos, y los gestores deber\u00edan evaluar dichos trade-offs y sus implicaciones a los stakeholders implicados. En resumen, no se pueden alcanzar puntos ideales ni en cuanto a los objetivos planteados ni en cuanto a la mejor soluci\u00f3n posible para cada uno de los grupos sociales afectados. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero lo dicho hasta ahora no debe suponer ning\u00fan menoscabo para la existencia o expansi\u00f3n de estas formaciones forestales, siempre y cuando cumplan las ideas arriba mostradas. Resulta bastante triste comprobar como en Espa\u00f1a las estimaciones (s\u00f3lo medidas en unidades de superficie) que ofrece el reciente documento de evaluaci\u00f3n de recursos forestales mundiales editado por la FAO (2020<\/a>) muestran un estancamiento (o ligera reducci\u00f3n) en cuanto a la superficie de las plantaciones forestales desde el a\u00f1o 2010, mientras que a nivel mundial esta superficie se ha incrementado un 11,64% en el per\u00edodo 2010-2020. Es decir, ni los t\u00edmidos (e ineficaces) planes para fomentar la absorci\u00f3n de gases de efecto invernadero ni, en otros casos, la iniciativa privada ha conseguido que esta superficie se incremente. Una pena, y ello supone, a mi juicio, la constataci\u00f3n de un empobrecimiento del sector forestal en Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Siguiendo con las entradas que peri\u00f3dicamente he dedicado a este tipo de sistemas forestales, tan injustamente denostado en nuestro pa\u00eds, aprovecho esta para centrarme en los \u00faltimos trabajos de dos investigadores (Hall y Brancalion) con una m\u00e1s que dilatada trayectoria en estos campos.  Ambos trabajos (uno publicado en Science y otro en Journal of Applied […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plantaciones-forestales-en"],"yoast_head":"\nPlantaciones forestales (y IV) - 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