{"id":2985,"date":"2019-07-09T08:56:59","date_gmt":"2019-07-09T08:56:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/29_actualizando-la-idea-de-sostenibilidad\/"},"modified":"2019-07-09T08:56:59","modified_gmt":"2019-07-09T08:56:59","slug":"29_actualizando-la-idea-de-sostenibilidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/en\/29_actualizando-la-idea-de-sostenibilidad\/","title":{"rendered":"Actualizando la idea de sostenibilidad"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La idea de sostenibilidad, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.balteiro.com\/es\/node\/233\">tan ampliamente utilizada hoy en d\u00eda<\/a>, siempre ha estado ligada, desde sus or\u00edgenes, a la gesti\u00f3n forestal. Sin embargo, este concepto ha estado hist\u00f3ricamente vinculado a un tipo de gesti\u00f3n forestal dominante en Europa y que se centraba casi \u00fanicamente en la producci\u00f3n de madera. De forma general, esta idea de sostenibilidad se basaba en unos pocos principios b\u00e1sicos, acordes con el tipo de gesti\u00f3n forestal que se realizaba en siglos pasados en algunos pa\u00edses de Europa. Dicha gesti\u00f3n se caracterizaba por centrarse \u00fanicamente en la producci\u00f3n de madera, habitualmente en masas regulares, donde primaban una o pocas especies principales, y donde se aplicaba un \u00fanico tipo de selvicultura con un turno fijo. Por otro lado, un \u00fanico centro decisor tomaba las decisiones correspondientes con el fin de perpetuar la idea de lograr esta estructura a lo largo del tiempo. Finalmente, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en la actualidad, las restricciones para efectuar las cortas finales eran muy leves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/balteiro.vl24666.dinaserver.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/HPIM0086-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/HPIM0086-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/HPIM0086-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/balteiro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/HPIM0086.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La idea de sostenibilidad se ha ido modificando y actualizando debido, entre otras razones, a los cambios en el rol que para la sociedad juegan los bosques. Adem\u00e1s, la demanda de bienes y servicios procedentes de los sistemas forestales se ha incrementado de forma continua, lo que conlleva que hoy en d\u00eda la gesti\u00f3n forestal resulta mucho m\u00e1s poli\u00e9drica que hace tres siglos, incluyendo otros servicios ecosist\u00e9micos que no se contemplaban en la idea seminal de sostenibilidad, como es el caso de la biodiversidad. Por ello, se puede afirmar que los nuevos paradigmas asociados a la sostenibilidad deben promover la multifuncionalidad en la gesti\u00f3n forestal. Al mismo tiempo, tambi\u00e9n se intenta vincular la idea de sostenibilidad en la gesti\u00f3n forestal con la de resiliencia. En esta l\u00ednea, hoy en d\u00eda se asume que la gesti\u00f3n forestal debe alcanzar unas metas determinadas en cuanto a los pilares econ\u00f3mico, social y ambiental y, adem\u00e1s, equilibrando demandas presentes y futuras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La evoluci\u00f3n que ha sufrido la gesti\u00f3n forestal obliga a reformular el concepto de sostenibilidad original integrando los pilares anteriormente citados, pero teniendo en cuenta que en ocasiones los trade-offs entre distintos criterios no son del todo conocidos. Para ello es necesario no centrarse \u00fanicamente en la equivalencia entre el concepto de sostenibilidad con el de la producci\u00f3n sostenida, uno de los objetivos m\u00e1s perseguidos en la gesti\u00f3n forestal. Es decir, se deber\u00eda generalizar esta idea partiendo de un caso en el que no todo el monte debe estar asociado a una idea de masa regular, donde se planteen diferentes alternativas selv\u00edcolas (por ejemplo, para promover la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad), donde se integren otros servicios ecosist\u00e9micos, adem\u00e1s de la producci\u00f3n de madera, y donde se incluyan las preferencias de los distintos stakeholders en la toma de decisiones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dado el car\u00e1cter multidimensional intr\u00ednseco al concepto de sostenibilidad, y, como se ha comentado anteriormente, la necesidad de aplicar una gesti\u00f3n multifuncional, resulta necesario acudir a las t\u00e9cnicas de decisi\u00f3n multicriterio. Estas t\u00e9cnicas se han empleado ampliamente para resolver tanto problemas propios de gesti\u00f3n forestal, como para abordar aspectos relacionados con la sostenibilidad. Un ejemplo de la aplicaci\u00f3n de estas se muestra en el siguiente trabajo, recientemente publicado junto con Marta Ezquerro (Doctoranda Programa de Doctorado de <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.upm.es\/doctoradoifa\/\">Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Avanzada de la UPM<\/a>) y con la Dra. Marta Pardos del CIFOR-INIA. En \u00e9l se propone una metodolog\u00eda flexible para abordar la sostenibilidad en la gesti\u00f3n que forestal que incluye un conjunto de criterios que abarcan las decisiones m\u00e1s habituales en la gesti\u00f3n forestal: si la masa es regular o irregular, si se sigue o no la idea del bosque normal, o la selvicultura \u00f3ptima que se debe aplicar en cada rodal. Este conjunto de criterios se ha completado con otros asociados a outputs habituales de la gesti\u00f3n forestal (volumen, rentabilidad comercial o captura de carbono). Por otro lado, se han incorporado en el modelo las preferencias de diversos stakeholders, tanto de los criterios considerados en el an\u00e1lisis como de las selviculturas m\u00e1s adecuadas para ser aplicadas en cada rodal. Los resultados muestran unas soluciones mucho m\u00e1s enriquecedoras y atractivas que si se persiguiera un \u00fanico objetivo en la gesti\u00f3n. Por \u00faltimo, esta metodolog\u00eda podr\u00eda comparar distintos sistemas forestales en t\u00e9rminos de un ranking de sostenibilidad, lo que ayudar\u00eda a contextualizar mejor esta idea tan, en ocasiones, dif\u00edcil de precisar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezquerro, M.; Pardos, M.; Diaz-Balteiro, L., 2019.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/11\/13\/3645\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sustainability in forest management revisited using multi-criteria decision-making techniques<\/a>.&nbsp;<strong>Sustainability11(13), 3645<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La idea de sostenibilidad, tan ampliamente utilizada hoy en d\u00eda, siempre ha estado ligada, desde sus or\u00edgenes, a la gesti\u00f3n forestal. Sin embargo, este concepto ha estado hist\u00f3ricamente vinculado a un tipo de gesti\u00f3n forestal dominante en Europa y que se centraba casi \u00fanicamente en la producci\u00f3n de madera. De forma general, esta idea de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,83,72,91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion-forestal-en","category-selvicultura-en","category-sostenibilidad-en","category-teoria-de-la-decision-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Actualizando la idea de sostenibilidad - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/balteiro.com\/en\/29_actualizando-la-idea-de-sostenibilidad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Actualizando la idea de sostenibilidad - Luis D\u00edaz Balteiro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La idea de sostenibilidad, tan ampliamente utilizada hoy en d\u00eda, siempre ha estado ligada, desde sus or\u00edgenes, a la gesti\u00f3n forestal. 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